Introduction
This module delves into the critical aspect of child protection under Section 47 of the Children Act 1989, which pertains to children suffering or likely to suffer significant harm. It outlines the thresholds for multi-agency child protection enquiries, led by Local Authority Children’s Social Workers, following a strategy discussion. The module aims to provide participants with an understanding of the indicators of significant harm, the action and assessment process, and the services involved at this level of need.
Understanding Section 47 of the Children Act 1989
- Threshold for Action: Section 47 mandates that Local Authorities have a duty to investigate if they have reasonable cause to suspect that a child in their area is suffering, or is likely to suffer, significant harm.
- Multi-Agency Approach: Emphasizes the importance of a coordinated response from various services, including education, health, and social care, to ensure a comprehensive assessment of the child’s needs and circumstances.
Example Indicators of Significant Harm
- Developmental Needs: Issues such as chronic non-attendance at school, severe disabilities, and serious health problems.
- Social and Behavioural Indicators: Involvement in gang activity, risk of child sexual exploitation, and signs of neglect or abuse.
- Family and Environmental Factors: Evidence of physical, emotional, or sexual abuse within the family, long-term neglect, and high levels of domestic violence.
Action and the Assessment Process
- Initial Enquiries: Children’s social care conducts enquiries under Section 47 to determine the risk of significant harm.
- Child Protection Conference: If enquiries confirm the risk, a child protection conference convenes to decide on making the child subject of a child protection plan.
- Child Protection Plan: Outlines the actions necessary to ensure the child’s safety, monitored closely for effectiveness and compliance.
Services Involved with Children at This Level of Need
- A range of services may be involved, including Children’s Social Care, CAMHS, Youth Justice Service, Family Support Services, and specialist health or disability services.
- Universal services continue to play a role, alongside targeted interventions from voluntary and community services.
Developmental Needs and Family Factors
- Comprehensive Assessment: Professionals need to assess the child’s developmental needs, family and social relationships, and the family’s ability to meet these needs without support.
- Risk Indicators: Pay attention to signs of abuse or neglect, including the child’s appearance, behaviour, and the home environment.
Guidance for Professionals
- Holistic Approach: Ensure assessments consider all aspects of the child’s and family’s circumstances, using a child-centred approach.
- Legal and Ethical Considerations: Adhere to legal frameworks and ethical guidelines, prioritizing the child’s best interests while respecting the family’s rights.
Further Study and Resources
- NSPCC Learning: Provides detailed resources on conducting Section 47 enquiries. [https://learning.nspcc.org.uk/]
- Social Care Institute for Excellence (SCIE): Offers guidance on child protection and safeguarding. [https://www.scie.org.uk/children/safeguarding/]
Conclusion
Section 47 of the Children Act 1989 is a cornerstone of child protection in the UK, requiring professionals to take decisive action when a child is at risk of significant harm. Through multi-agency collaboration, thorough assessment, and adherence to a child-centred approach, safeguarding practitioners play a vital role in protecting vulnerable children and supporting their families. This module equips participants with the knowledge and skills necessary to navigate the complexities of child protection under Section 47 effectively.